Rubidium vs Iron
Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb
Fe
Group Number
1
17
8
10
Period Number
5
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440177
99+
7439896
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Unknown
Discovery
In 1861
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %
17
~0.1 %
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
19
22.00 %
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
18
6.30 %
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
7
0.00 %
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
7
0.01 %
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3
7
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.
13
380.00 p.p.m.
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
38.89 °C
99+
1,535.00 °C
25
Boiling Point
688.00 °C
99+
2,750.00 °C
37
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.30
24
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa
99+
200.00 MPa
40
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
608.00 MPa
18
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s
99+
5,120.00 m/s
8
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
65.00 %
12
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
β Allotropes
Not Available
beta Iron
γ Allotropes
Not Available
gamma Iron
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rb
Fe
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82
99+
1.83
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31
32
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89
40
1.64
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69
24
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.71
99+
1.80
12
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18
3
2.17
40
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol
99+
762.50 kJ/mol
17
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol
6
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol
11
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol
18
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol
19
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol
20
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol
20
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol
17
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol
18
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol
6
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
11th Energy Level
Not Available
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
12th Energy Level
Not Available
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
13th Energy Level
Not Available
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
14th Energy Level
Not Available
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
15th Energy Level
Not Available
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
16th Energy Level
Not Available
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
17th Energy Level
Not Available
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
18th Energy Level
Not Available
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
19th Energy Level
Not Available
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
20th Energy Level
Not Available
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
21st Energy Level
Not Available
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr
14
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV
99+
4.70 eV
10
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
37
99+
26
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
37
99+
26
99+
Number of Neutrons
48
99+
30
99+
Number of Electrons
37
99+
26
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm
2
126.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm
4
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm
3
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu
99+
55.85 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol
2
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)
99+
67.00 (-eV)
20
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm
10
286.65 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3
99+
7.87 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3
99+
6.98 g/cm3
35
Tensile Strength
Not Available
11,000.00 MPa
1
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
36.80 (Pa)
5
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
82.00 GPa
11
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa
99+
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa
99+
211.00 GPa
9
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.53
99+
7.20
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
Susceptibility
Not Available
2,00,000.00
1
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m
26
96.10 nΩ·m
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω
24
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol
24
15.70 kJ/mol
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)
17
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K
5
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K
26
80.40 W/m·K
22
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K
4
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)
2
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol
99+
351.00 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol
99+
14.90 kJ/mol
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol
99+
414.20 kJ/mol
19
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K
5
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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