Radium Yttrium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra
Y
Group Number
2
16
3
15
Period Number
7
5
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440144
99+
7440655
25
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Johan Gadolin
Discovery
In 1898
In 1794
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
7 * 10-7 %
17
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
25
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
20
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
- It is used in luminous paints.
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
In Bone
Not Available
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C
99+
1,523.00 °C
27
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C
99+
3,337.00 °C
21
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
589.00 MPa
22
Speed of Sound
Not Available
3,300.00 m/s
23
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra
Y
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90
99+
1.22
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.65
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.11
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92
20
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.89
99+
1.12
38
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10
5
2.78
16
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol
99+
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
7th Energy level
Not Available
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
8th Energy Level
Not Available
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
9th Energy Level
Not Available
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
10th Energy Level
Not Available
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
11th Energy Level
Not Available
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
12th Energy Level
Not Available
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr
6
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.10 eV
35
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88
30
39
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
88
30
39
99+
Number of Neutrons
138
16
50
99+
Number of Electrons
88
30
39
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
Not Available
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm
3
190.00 pm
18
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm
4
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu
26
88.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol
4
19.80 cm3/mol
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)
99+
48.00 (-eV)
30
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm
13
364.74 pm
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3
99+
4.47 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
4.24 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
4.27 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
25.60 GPa
30
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
41.20 GPa
30
Young's Modulus
Not Available
63.50 GPa
32
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.24
26
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.00
99+
4.47
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m
31
596.00 nΩ·m
8
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available
29.60 kJ/mol
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
26.53 J/mol·K
27
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K
99+
17.20 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
393.00 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
17.15 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol
99+
418.00 kJ/mol
18
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K
14
44.40 J/mol.K
33
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