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Rhenium vs Beryllium

Rhenium
Beryllium
Beryllium vs Rhenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Re  
Be  
Group Number
7  
11
2  
16
Period Number
6  
2  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440155  
99+
7440417  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1908  
In 1797  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
37
Physical
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C  
2
1,278.00 °C  
36
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C  
2
2,970.00 °C  
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
White Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa  
8
590.00 MPa  
25
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa  
12
1,670.00 MPa  
9
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
12,890.00 m/s  
2
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.56  
34
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Re  
Be  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.57  
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.81  
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46  
16
1.47  
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.54  
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.60  
24
1.58  
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.43  
30
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
20
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
24
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
5th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
20
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
37
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
31
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,560.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,560.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
31
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
30
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
13th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
23
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
20
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
76,000.00 kJ/mol  
20
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
16th Energy Level
76,000.00 kJ/mol  
15
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
8
17th Energy Level
760.10 kJ/mol  
36
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
14
18th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
26
8,995.00 kJ/mol  
13
19th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
33
899.50 kJ/mol  
22
20th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
27
899.00 kJ/mol  
12
21st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
26
22nd Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
21
899.00 kJ/mol  
10
23rd Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
31
24th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
26th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
27th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
17
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
23
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
24
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
30th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV  
11
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
75  
99+
4  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2  
[He] 2s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
75  
40
4  
99+
Number of Neutrons
111  
27
5  
99+
Number of Electrons
75  
40
4  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
112.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm  
36
96.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
153.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu  
36
9.01 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol  
99+
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tungsten
  
Lithium
  
Next Element
Osmium
  
Sodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)  
3
82.00 (-eV)  
15
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm  
99+
228.58 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
17
1.57  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3  
12
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3  
14
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa  
3
287.00 MPa  
16
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
17
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
20
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
40
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa  
3
132.00 GPa  
7
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa  
2
130.00 GPa  
13
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa  
2
287.00 GPa  
7
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.03  
36
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.02  
14
1.85  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
26
0.00  
11
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m  
20
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
38
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K  
99+
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K  
31
200.00 W/m·K  
6
Critical Temperature
3,459.00 K  
2
1,551.00 K  
39
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol  
4
294.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol  
2
11.72 kJ/mol  
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol  
2
326.40 kJ/mol  
40
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K  
99+
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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