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Rhenium vs Polonium

Rhenium
Polonium
Polonium vs Rhenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Re  
Po  
Group Number
7  
11
16  
2
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440155  
99+
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 1908  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
29
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C  
2
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C  
2
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa  
8
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa  
12
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Re  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46  
16
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.60  
24
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
20
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
20
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
37
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
5,560.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
5,560.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
30
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
23
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
20
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
76,000.00 kJ/mol  
20
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
76,000.00 kJ/mol  
15
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
760.10 kJ/mol  
36
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
26
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
33
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
27
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
21
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
17
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
23
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
24
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV  
11
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
75  
99+
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
75  
40
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
111  
27
125  
20
Number of Electrons
75  
40
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm  
36
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu  
36
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tungsten
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Osmium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)  
3
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm  
99+
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
17
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3  
12
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3  
14
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa  
3
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
40
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa  
3
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa  
2
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa  
2
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.02  
14
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
26
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m  
20
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
38
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol  
99+
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K  
99+
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K  
31
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,459.00 K  
2
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol  
4
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol  
2
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol  
2
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K  
99+
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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