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Rubidium Bismuth Comparison


Bismuth Rubidium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Rb   
Bi   

Group Number
1   
17
15   
3

Period Number
5   
6   

Block
s block   
p block   

Element Family
Alkali   
Post-​Transition   

CAS Number
7440177   
99+
7440699   
22

Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
C12/m1   

Space Group Number
229.00   
1
12.00   
12

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  

Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Claude François Geoffroy   

Discovery
In 1861   
In 1753   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
7 * 10-8 %   
25

Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %   
17
~0.000006 %   
14

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
7
0.00 %   
24

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
7
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  

Industrial Uses
NA   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   

Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20

In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
0.20 p.p.m.   
22

Physical Properties

Melting Point
38.89 °C   
99+
271.30 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
688.00 °C   
99+
1,560.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Grayish White   
Silver   

Luster
NA   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
0.30   
24
2.25   
15

Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa   
99+
70.00 MPa   
99+

Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
1,790.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Rb   
Bi   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
29   
10
33   
6

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
0.82   
99+
2.02   
6

Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31   
32
2.34   
3

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89   
40
1.67   
6

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69   
24
2.15   
4

Allen Electronegativity
0.71   
99+
2.01   
4

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
3.18   
3
1.98   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
703.00 kJ/mol   
35

2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33

3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28

5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30

6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19

7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19

Electron Work Function
2.16 eV   
99+
4.22 eV   
22

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
37   
99+
83   
33

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   

Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
37   
99+
83   
33

Number of Neutrons
48   
99+
126   
18

Number of Electrons
37   
99+
83   
33

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
248.00 pm   
2
156.00 pm   
29

Covalent Radius
220.00 pm   
4
148.00 pm   
36

Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm   
3
207.00 pm   
26

Atomic Weight
85.47 amu   
99+
208.98 amu   
29

Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
21.30 cm3/mol   
14

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Gallium
  
Lead
  

Next Element
Strontium
  
Polonium
  

Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
41.90 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
558.50 pm   
10
667.40 pm   
2

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
9.78 g/cm3   
39

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
10.05 g/cm3   
18

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
Not Available   
12.00 GPa   
99+

Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa   
99+
31.00 GPa   
38

Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa   
99+
32.00 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.33   
11

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
1.53   
99+
9.79   
30

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6

Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   

Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
91.20 kJ/mol   
11

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40

Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
25.52 J/mol·K   
37

Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K   
26
7.97 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K   
4
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
10.90 kJ/mol   
33

Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
56.70 J/mol.K   
24

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