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Rubidium Nickel Comparison

Rubidium
Nickel
Nickel Rubidium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb   
Ni   
Group Number
1   
17
10   
8
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440177   
99+
7440020   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt   
Discovery
In 1861   
In 1751   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
6 * 10-3 %   
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %   
17
~0.008 %   
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
19
1.30 %   
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
0.01 %   
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
7
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
7
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
17
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
38.89 °C   
99+
1,453.00 °C   
31
Boiling Point
688.00 °C   
99+
2,732.00 °C   
38
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.30   
24
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa   
99+
667.00 MPa   
18
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
638.00 MPa   
16
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
4,900.00 m/s   
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
72.00 %   
9
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rb   
Ni   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82   
99+
1.91   
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31   
32
1.94   
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89   
40
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69   
24
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.71   
99+
1.88   
6
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18   
3
2.09   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
737.10 kJ/mol   
25
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
1,753.00 kJ/mol   
25
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
3,395.00 kJ/mol   
17
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5,300.00 kJ/mol   
15
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
7,339.00 kJ/mol   
15
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
12,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
18,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
21,670.00 kJ/mol   
14
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
30,970.00 kJ/mol   
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,100.00 kJ/mol   
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,500.00 kJ/mol   
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
48,100.00 kJ/mol   
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,101.00 kJ/mol   
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
58,570.00 kJ/mol   
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
159,000.00 kJ/mol   
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
169,400.00 kJ/mol   
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
182,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
194,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV   
99+
5.15 eV   
2
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
37   
99+
28   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1   
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
37   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Neutrons
48   
99+
31   
99+
Number of Electrons
37   
99+
28   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm   
2
124.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm   
4
124.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm   
3
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu   
99+
58.69 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
6.59 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gallium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Strontium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
42.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm   
10
352.40 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
8.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
7.81 g/cm3   
29
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
345.00 MPa   
11
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
19.50 (Pa)   
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
76.00 GPa   
12
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa   
99+
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa   
99+
200.00 GPa   
11
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.53   
99+
8.90   
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
2
Susceptibility
Not Available   
600.00   
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
69.30 nΩ·m   
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
0.14 106/cm Ω   
13
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
112.00 kJ/mol   
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
26.07 J/mol·K   
31
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K   
26
90.90 W/m·K   
18
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K   
4
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
371.80 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
422.60 kJ/mol   
17
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
29.90 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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