Ruthenium Uranium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ru
U
Group Number
8
10
0
18
Period Number
5
7
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
CAS Number
7440188
99+
7440611
28
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Cmcm
Space Group Number
194.00
5
63.00
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Not Available
Discovery
In 1844
In 1789
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
2 * 10-8 %
29
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %
22
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
- Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,250.00 °C
8
1,132.00 °C
39
Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C
14
3,818.00 °C
16
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa
3
2,350.00 MPa
2
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,960.00 MPa
2
Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s
4
3,155.00 m/s
25
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ru
U
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.38
28
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.22
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.54
25
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.62
26
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol
32
597.60 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol
99+
1,420.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol
37
1,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,145.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr
99+
1.48 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.71 eV
9
3.63 eV
30
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
44
99+
92
26
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
44
99+
92
26
Number of Neutrons
57
99+
146
13
Number of Electrons
44
99+
92
26
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm
38
196.00 pm
14
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
186.00 pm
33
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu
99+
238.03 amu
21
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
12.59 cm3/mol
40
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)
22
170.00 (-eV)
4
Lattice Constant
270.59 pm
99+
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
11
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3
27
19.10 g/cm3
17
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3
16
17.30 g/cm3
7
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
23
0.01 (Pa)
20
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa
4
111.00 GPa
10
Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa
7
100.00 GPa
16
Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa
3
208.00 GPa
10
Poisson Ratio
0.30
14
0.23
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
12.45
19
18.80
10
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m
38
0.28 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
16
0.04 106/cm Ω
37
Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
24
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K
99+
27.67 J/mol·K
15
Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K
13
27.50 W/m·K
40
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
13.90 µm/(m·K)
27
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol
10
477.00 kJ/mol
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol
7
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol
9
489.50 kJ/mol
14
Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K
99+
50.20 J/mol.K
31
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