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Ruthenium vs Uranium


Uranium vs Ruthenium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Ru   
U   

Group Number
8   
10
0   
18

Period Number
5   
7   

Block
d block   
f block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   

CAS Number
7440188   
99+
7440611   
28

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Cmcm   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
63.00   
10

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  

Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus   
Not Available   

Discovery
In 1844   
In 1789   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
2 * 10-8 %   
29

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %   
22
~0.0000001 %   
26

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
36

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
11

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
No   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
2,250.00 °C   
8
1,132.00 °C   
39

Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C   
14
3,818.00 °C   
16

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
6.00   
6

Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa   
3
2,350.00 MPa   
2

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,960.00 MPa   
2

Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s   
4
3,155.00 m/s   
25

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ru   
U   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
26   
13
25   
14

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.38   
28

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.22   
26

Allen Electronegativity
1.54   
25
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.62   
26

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol   
32
597.60 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol   
99+
1,420.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol   
37
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,145.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.48 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.71 eV   
9
3.63 eV   
30

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
44   
99+
92   
26

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1   
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   

Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
44   
99+
92   
26

Number of Neutrons
57   
99+
146   
13

Number of Electrons
44   
99+
92   
26

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
156.00 pm   
29

Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
196.00 pm   
14

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
186.00 pm   
33

Atomic Weight
101.07 amu   
99+
238.03 amu   
21

Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
12.59 cm3/mol   
40

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Technetium
  

Next Element
Rhodium
  
Neptunium
  

Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)   
22
170.00 (-eV)   
4

Lattice Constant
270.59 pm   
99+
295.08 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
11
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3   
27
19.10 g/cm3   
17

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3   
16
17.30 g/cm3   
7

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
0.01 (Pa)   
20

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa   
4
111.00 GPa   
10

Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa   
7
100.00 GPa   
16

Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa   
3
208.00 GPa   
10

Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
0.23   
30

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
12.45   
19
18.80   
10

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   

Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m   
38
0.28 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
16
0.04 106/cm Ω   
37

Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
24
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40

Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
27.67 J/mol·K   
15

Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K   
13
27.50 W/m·K   
40

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
13.90 µm/(m·K)   
27

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol   
10
477.00 kJ/mol   
13

Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol   
7
15.48 kJ/mol   
19

Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol   
9
489.50 kJ/mol   
14

Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K   
99+
50.20 J/mol.K   
31

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