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Uranium vs Ruthenium

Uranium
Ruthenium
Ruthenium vs Uranium


Periodic Table
Symbol
U  
Ru  
Group Number
0  
18
8  
10
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440611  
28
7440188  
99+
Space Group Name
Cmcm  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
63.00  
13
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Karl Ernst Claus  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1844  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
1.20 p.p.m.  
19
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C  
39
2,250.00 °C  
8
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C  
16
3,900.00 °C  
14
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa  
2
2,160.00 MPa  
3
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa  
6
1,160.00 MPa  
14
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s  
36
5,970.00 m/s  
7
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.38  
40
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
6.00 %  
38
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
U  
Ru  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38  
29
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.38  
22
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.38  
29
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.38  
36
1.54  
28
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62  
26
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
32
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.22 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,747.00 kJ/mol  
38
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
12
5th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
27
6th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
37
8th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
35
11th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
29
14th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
34
710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
25
16th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
21
17th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
31
19th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
38
20th Energy Level
597.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.00 kJ/mol  
32
21st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
597.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
23rd Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
25th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
26th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
27th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
28th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
30
29th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
31
30th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
710.00 kJ/mol  
25
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV  
99+
4.71 eV  
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
92  
26
44  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2  
[Kr] 4d7 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100  
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
92  
26
44  
99+
Number of Neutrons
146  
14
57  
99+
Number of Electrons
92  
26
44  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
31
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm  
14
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm  
40
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu  
21
101.07 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol  
99+
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Protactinium
  
Technetium
  
Next Element
Neptunium
  
Rhodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
270.59 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.02  
99+
1.58  
33
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3  
17
12.45 g/cm3  
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3  
17
10.65 g/cm3  
37
Tensile Strength
100.00 MPa  
28
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
21
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)  
20
0.00 (Pa)  
23
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa  
10
173.00 GPa  
4
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
220.00 GPa  
7
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa  
11
447.00 GPa  
3
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
18.80  
19
12.45  
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m  
99+
71.00 nΩ·m  
38
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω  
18
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
101.30 kJ/mol  
11
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
24
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K  
18
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K  
99+
117.00 W/m·K  
13
Critical Temperature
1,405.00 K  
99+
2,607.00 K  
9
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)  
30
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol  
18
567.80 kJ/mol  
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
25.50 kJ/mol  
7
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol  
18
603.00 kJ/mol  
10
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
28.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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