Uranium Ruthenium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
U
Ru
Group Number
0
18
8
10
Period Number
7
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440611
28
7440188
99+
Space Group Name
Cmcm
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
63.00
10
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Karl Ernst Claus
Discovery
In 1789
In 1844
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %
29
4 * 10-7 %
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000005 %
22
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
11
0.00 %
38
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
- Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C
39
2,250.00 °C
8
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C
16
3,900.00 °C
14
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
6.50
5
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa
2
2,160.00 MPa
3
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa
2
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s
25
5,970.00 m/s
4
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
U
Ru
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38
28
2.20
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.42
18
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.54
25
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62
26
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol
99+
710.20 kJ/mol
32
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol
99+
710.22 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,747.00 kJ/mol
37
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr
99+
1.26 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV
30
4.71 eV
9
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
92
26
44
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
92
26
44
99+
Number of Neutrons
146
13
57
99+
Number of Electrons
92
26
44
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm
14
146.00 pm
38
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm
33
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu
21
101.07 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol
40
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)
4
64.00 (-eV)
22
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm
99+
270.59 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.58
11
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3
17
12.45 g/cm3
27
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3
7
10.65 g/cm3
16
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)
20
0.00 (Pa)
23
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa
10
173.00 GPa
4
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa
16
220.00 GPa
7
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa
10
447.00 GPa
3
Poisson Ratio
0.23
30
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
18.80
10
12.45
19
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m
99+
71.00 nΩ·m
38
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
37
0.14 106/cm Ω
16
Electron Affinity
Not Available
101.30 kJ/mol
10
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.24 J/(kg K)
24
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K
15
24.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K
40
117.00 W/m·K
13
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)
27
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol
13
567.80 kJ/mol
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
19
25.50 kJ/mol
7
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol
14
603.00 kJ/mol
9
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K
31
28.50 J/mol.K
99+
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