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Ruthenium vs Iridium

Ruthenium
Iridium
Iridium vs Ruthenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ru  
Ir  
Group Number
8  
10
9  
9
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440188  
99+
7439885  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1844  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
38
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,250.00 °C  
8
2,410.00 °C  
7
Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C  
14
4,527.00 °C  
10
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa  
3
1,670.00 MPa  
5
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa  
14
1,760.00 MPa  
8
Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s  
7
4,825.00 m/s  
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.60  
4
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
6.00 %  
38
78.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ru  
Ir  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.54  
28
1.68  
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
32
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol  
38
2,256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
12
880.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
27
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
8
6th Energy Level
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
25
7th Energy level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
37
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
8th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
9th Energy Level
5,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
10th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
35
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
23
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
40
13th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
29
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
14th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
15th Energy Level
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
25
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
16th Energy Level
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
21
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
17th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
26
18th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
19th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
38
880.00 kJ/mol  
24
20th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
32
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
21st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
37
22nd Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
880.00 kJ/mol  
12
23rd Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
7
24th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
25th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
26th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
27th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
28th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
30
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
29th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
31
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
30th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
25
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.71 eV  
14
4.55 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
44  
99+
77  
39
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
44  
99+
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
57  
99+
110  
28
Number of Electrons
44  
99+
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
136.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm  
40
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu  
99+
192.22 amu  
34
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Technetium
  
Osmium
  
Next Element
Rhodium
  
Platinum
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
270.59 pm  
99+
383.90 pm  
29
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
33
1.58  
35
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3  
29
22.56 g/cm3  
10
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3  
37
19.00 g/cm3  
13
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
2,000.00 MPa  
2
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
21
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
23
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa  
4
210.00 GPa  
2
Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa  
7
320.00 GPa  
3
Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa  
3
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.45  
31
21.78  
12
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
5
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m  
38
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
18
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol  
11
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
24
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K  
13
147.00 W/m·K  
10
Critical Temperature
2,607.00 K  
9
2,719.00 K  
8
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol  
13
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol  
7
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol  
10
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K  
99+
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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