Iridium vs Ruthenium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir
Ru
Group Number
9
9
8
10
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439885
99+
7440188
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
- Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Karl Ernst Claus
Discovery
In 1803
In 1844
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
4 * 10-7 %
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0000005 %
22
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
29
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
38
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C
7
2,250.00 °C
8
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C
10
3,900.00 °C
14
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
6.50
5
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
5
2,160.00 MPa
3
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa
3
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s
13
5,970.00 m/s
4
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
78.00 %
6
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir
Ru
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
2.20
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
1.42
18
Allen Electronegativity
1.68
17
1.54
25
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol
9
710.20 kJ/mol
32
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
35
710.22 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,747.00 kJ/mol
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr
99+
1.26 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV
13
4.71 eV
9
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77
39
44
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
74
99+
44
99+
Number of Neutrons
110
27
57
99+
Number of Electrons
74
99+
44
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm
99+
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
146.00 pm
38
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu
34
101.07 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol
99+
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)
5
64.00 (-eV)
22
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm
26
270.59 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.58
11
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3
10
12.45 g/cm3
27
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3
3
10.65 g/cm3
16
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa
2
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
25
0.00 (Pa)
23
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa
2
173.00 GPa
4
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa
3
220.00 GPa
7
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa
1
447.00 GPa
3
Poisson Ratio
0.26
22
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.78
3
12.45
19
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m
99+
71.00 nΩ·m
38
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
10
0.14 106/cm Ω
16
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol
4
101.30 kJ/mol
10
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.24 J/(kg K)
24
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
24.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K
10
117.00 W/m·K
13
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol
1
567.80 kJ/mol
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol
1
25.50 kJ/mol
7
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol
1
603.00 kJ/mol
9
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K
99+
28.50 J/mol.K
99+
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