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Ruthenium vs Platinum

Ruthenium
Platinum
Platinum vs Ruthenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ru   
Pt   
Group Number
8   
10
10   
8
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440188   
99+
7440064   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus   
Antonio de Ulloa   
Discovery
In 1844   
In 1735   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %   
22
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
38
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,250.00 °C   
8
1,772.00 °C   
16
Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C   
14
3,827.00 °C   
15
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
3.50   
11
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa   
3
300.00 MPa   
34
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
400.00 MPa   
25
Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s   
4
2,800.00 m/s   
29
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ru   
Pt   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
2.28   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.44   
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.54   
25
1.72   
16
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol   
32
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol   
99+
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol   
37
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
Electron Work Function
4.71 eV   
9
5.65 eV   
1
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
44   
99+
78   
38
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
44   
99+
78   
38
Number of Neutrons
57   
99+
117   
24
Number of Electrons
44   
99+
78   
38
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
136.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
175.00 pm   
36
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Technetium
  
Iridium
  
Next Element
Rhodium
  
Gold
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)   
22
392.42 (-eV)   
1
Lattice Constant
270.59 pm   
99+
392.42 pm   
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
11
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3   
27
21.45 g/cm3   
11
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3   
16
19.77 g/cm3   
2
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
125.00 MPa   
14
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
0.07 (Pa)   
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa   
4
61.00 GPa   
14
Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa   
7
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa   
3
168.00 GPa   
14
Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
0.38   
6
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.45   
19
21.45   
4
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m   
38
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
16
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol   
10
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
24
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K   
13
71.60 W/m·K   
24
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol   
10
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol   
7
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol   
9
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K   
99+
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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