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Rutherfordium vs Rubidium

Rutherfordium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Rutherfordium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf   
Rb   
Group Number
4   
14
1   
17
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
d block   
s block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkali   
CAS Number
53850365   
13
7440177   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Discovery
In 1964   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000003 %   
17
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C   
11
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C   
3
688.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Grayish White   
Luster
Unknown Luster   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
0.22 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rf   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13   
26
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
7th Energy level
Not Available   
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available   
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
104   
14
37   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
[Kr] 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104   
14
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
157   
7
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
104   
14
37   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm   
33
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm   
31
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
303.00 pm   
3
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu   
11
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3   
8
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
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