Scandium Strontium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sc
Sr
Group Number
3
15
2
16
Period Number
4
5
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440202
99+
7440246
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson
William Cruickshank
Discovery
In 1879
In 1787
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %
15
4 * 10-6 %
14
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.000005 %
15
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
18
0.00 %
15
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
23
0.04 %
10
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
32
0.00 %
4
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
- By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3
19
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
34
140.00 p.p.m.
7
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,539.00 °C
24
769.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C
35
1,384.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa
12
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sc
Sr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
13
26
27
12
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36
29
0.95
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02
21
0.72
27
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
0.99
37
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.00
18
Allen Electronegativity
1.19
36
0.96
40
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64
25
3.05
7
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
549.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,064.20 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
4,138.00 kJ/mol
10
4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
5,500.00 kJ/mol
13
5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
6,910.00 kJ/mol
18
6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
8,760.00 kJ/mol
18
7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
10,230.00 kJ/mol
19
8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
11,800.00 kJ/mol
19
9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
15,600.00 kJ/mol
17
10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
17,100.00 kJ/mol
19
11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
31,270.00 kJ/mol
6
12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
1.64 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV
31
2.59 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
21
99+
38
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
[Kr] 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
21
99+
38
99+
Number of Neutrons
24
99+
50
99+
Number of Electrons
21
99+
38
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm
26
215.00 pm
5
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm
25
195.00 pm
15
Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm
25
249.00 pm
7
Atomic Weight
44.96 amu
99+
87.62 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol
34
33.70 cm3/mol
6
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)
24
25.70 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
330.90 pm
99+
608.49 pm
6
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
7
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3
99+
2.64 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3
99+
2.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
22
121.00 (Pa)
1
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)
3
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa
24
6.03 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa
21
Not Available
Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa
26
15.70 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28
18
0.28
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.99
99+
2.64
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m
10
132.00 nΩ·m
24
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω
26
Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol
33
5.03 kJ/mol
38
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
26.40 J/mol·K
28
Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K
99+
35.40 W/m·K
37
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
22.50 µm/(m·K)
18
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol
28
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol
25
9.16 kJ/mol
38
Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol
28
163.20 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
55.00 J/mol.K
26
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