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Scandium vs Strontium


Strontium vs Scandium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Sc   
Sr   

Group Number
3   
15
2   
16

Period Number
4   
5   

Block
d block   
s block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkaline Earth   

CAS Number
7440202   
99+
7440246   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
William Cruickshank   

Discovery
In 1879   
In 1787   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %   
15
4 * 10-6 %   
14

Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.000005 %   
15

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
15

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
23
0.04 %   
10

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
32
0.00 %   
4

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  

Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3   
19

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
140.00 p.p.m.   
7

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,539.00 °C   
24
769.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C   
35
1,384.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   

Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18

Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Sc   
Sr   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
13   
26
27   
12

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.36   
29
0.95   
99+

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02   
21
0.72   
27

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
0.99   
37

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.00   
18

Allen Electronegativity
1.19   
36
0.96   
40

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.64   
25
3.05   
7

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
549.50 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,064.20 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4,138.00 kJ/mol   
10

4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5,500.00 kJ/mol   
13

5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6,910.00 kJ/mol   
18

6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
8,760.00 kJ/mol   
18

7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
10,230.00 kJ/mol   
19

8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
11,800.00 kJ/mol   
19

9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
17

10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
17,100.00 kJ/mol   
19

11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
31,270.00 kJ/mol   
6

12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   

17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.64 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
3.50 eV   
31
2.59 eV   
99+

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
21   
99+
38   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
[Kr] 5s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
21   
99+
38   
99+

Number of Neutrons
24   
99+
50   
99+

Number of Electrons
21   
99+
38   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
162.00 pm   
26
215.00 pm   
5

Covalent Radius
170.00 pm   
25
195.00 pm   
15

Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm   
25
249.00 pm   
7

Atomic Weight
44.96 amu   
99+
87.62 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
33.70 cm3/mol   
6

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Calcium
  
Rubidium
  

Next Element
Titanium
  
Yttrium
  

Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)   
24
25.70 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
330.90 pm   
99+
608.49 pm   
6

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
7
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
2.64 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
2.38 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
121.00 (Pa)   
1

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa   
24
6.03 GPa   
99+

Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa   
21
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa   
26
15.70 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.28   
18
0.28   
17

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
2.99   
99+
2.64   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   

Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
132.00 nΩ·m   
24

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
26

Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
5.03 kJ/mol   
38

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18

Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
26.40 J/mol·K   
28

Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
35.40 W/m·K   
37

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
22.50 µm/(m·K)   
18

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
9.16 kJ/mol   
38

Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
163.20 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
55.00 J/mol.K   
26

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