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Strontium vs Scandium

Strontium
Scandium
Scandium vs Strontium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr   
Sc   
Group Number
2   
16
3   
15
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440246   
99+
7440202   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Discovery
In 1787   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %   
14
3 * 10-6 %   
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %   
15
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %   
10
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
4
0.00 %   
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
7
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3   
19
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.   
7
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
769.00 °C   
99+
1,539.00 °C   
24
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C   
99+
2,832.00 °C   
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
750.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sr   
Sc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95   
99+
1.36   
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72   
27
1.02   
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99   
37
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00   
18
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.96   
40
1.19   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05   
7
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol   
99+
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol   
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol   
10
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol   
13
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol   
18
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol   
18
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol   
19
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol   
19
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
17
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol   
19
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol   
6
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV   
99+
3.50 eV   
31
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
38   
99+
21   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
38   
99+
21   
99+
Number of Neutrons
50   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Electrons
38   
99+
21   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm   
5
162.00 pm   
26
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm   
15
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm   
7
211.00 pm   
25
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu   
99+
44.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol   
6
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rubidium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Yttrium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)   
99+
58.00 (-eV)   
24
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm   
6
330.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3   
99+
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)   
1
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa   
99+
29.10 GPa   
24
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
56.60 GPa   
21
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa   
99+
74.40 GPa   
26
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.28   
18
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.64   
99+
2.99   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m   
24
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
26
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol   
38
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K   
37
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)   
18
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol   
38
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol   
99+
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K   
26
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
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