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Strontium vs Scandium

Strontium
Scandium
Scandium vs Strontium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr  
Sc  
Group Number
2  
16
3  
15
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440246  
99+
7440202  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank  
Lars Fredrik Nilson  
Discovery
In 1787  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %  
10
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
4
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3  
19
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.  
7
0.00 p.p.m.  
39
Physical
Melting Point
769.00 °C  
99+
1,539.00 °C  
24
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C  
99+
2,832.00 °C  
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
110.00 MPa  
99+
750.00 MPa  
13
Vickers Hardness
15.00 MPa  
99+
1,200.00 MPa  
13
Speed of Sound
4,170.00 m/s  
23
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.43  
39
1.80  
21
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
93.00 %  
3
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sr  
Sc  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95  
99+
1.36  
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72  
99+
1.02  
40
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99  
38
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00  
99+
1.36  
31
Allen Electronegativity
0.96  
99+
1.19  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05  
7
2.64  
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol  
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol  
10
2,388.60 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol  
22
7,090.60 kJ/mol  
13
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol  
30
8,843.00 kJ/mol  
7
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol  
26
10,679.00 kJ/mol  
13
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol  
19
13,310.00 kJ/mol  
8
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol  
19
15,250.00 kJ/mol  
11
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
17
17,370.00 kJ/mol  
14
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
21,726.00 kJ/mol  
13
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol  
6
24,102.00 kJ/mol  
16
12th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
66,320.00 kJ/mol  
7
13th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,010.00 kJ/mol  
2
14th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,160.00 kJ/mol  
3
15th Energy Level
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,490.00 kJ/mol  
6
16th Energy Level
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,400.00 kJ/mol  
5
17th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
105,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
18th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
117,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
19th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
124,270.00 kJ/mol  
8
20th Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
35
23rd Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
37
25th Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
39
26th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
38
27th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
40
28th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV  
99+
3.50 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
38  
99+
21  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2  
[Ar] 3d1 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
38  
99+
21  
99+
Number of Neutrons
50  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Electrons
38  
99+
21  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
162.00 pm  
28
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm  
15
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm  
11
211.00 pm  
32
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu  
99+
44.96 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol  
9
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rubidium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Yttrium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)  
99+
58.00 (-eV)  
25
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm  
6
330.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
40
1.59  
24
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3  
99+
2.99 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
2.80 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)  
1
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
91.30 (Pa)  
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa  
99+
29.10 GPa  
28
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
56.60 GPa  
22
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa  
99+
74.40 GPa  
28
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.28  
18
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.64  
99+
2.99  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
35
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m  
24
562.00 nΩ·m  
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
31
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol  
99+
18.10 kJ/mol  
39
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
0.60 J/(kg K)  
8
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K  
38
15.80 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,050.00 K  
99+
1,814.00 K  
28
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)  
19
10.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
314.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol  
99+
14.10 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol  
99+
343.00 kJ/mol  
38
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
34.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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