Strontium vs Scandium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr
Sc
Group Number
2
16
3
15
Period Number
5
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440246
99+
7440202
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Discovery
In 1787
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %
14
3 * 10-6 %
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %
15
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %
10
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
4
0.00 %
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
7
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
- By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3
19
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.
7
0.00 p.p.m.
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
769.00 °C
99+
1,539.00 °C
24
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C
99+
2,832.00 °C
35
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
750.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sr
Sc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
13
26
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95
99+
1.36
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72
27
1.02
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99
37
1.20
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00
18
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.96
40
1.19
36
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05
7
2.64
25
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol
99+
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol
10
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol
13
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol
18
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol
18
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol
19
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol
19
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol
17
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol
19
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol
6
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV
99+
3.50 eV
31
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
38
99+
21
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
38
99+
21
99+
Number of Neutrons
50
99+
24
99+
Number of Electrons
38
99+
21
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm
5
162.00 pm
26
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm
15
170.00 pm
25
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm
7
211.00 pm
25
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu
99+
44.96 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol
6
15.00 cm3/mol
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)
99+
58.00 (-eV)
24
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm
6
330.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3
99+
2.99 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
2.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)
1
0.00 (Pa)
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
91.30 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa
99+
29.10 GPa
24
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
56.60 GPa
21
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa
99+
74.40 GPa
26
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.28
18
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.64
99+
2.99
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m
24
562.00 nΩ·m
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω
26
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol
38
18.10 kJ/mol
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
28
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K
37
15.80 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)
18
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
314.20 kJ/mol
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol
38
14.10 kJ/mol
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol
99+
343.00 kJ/mol
28
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K
26
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
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