Symbol
Ag
  
Cu
  
Period Number
5
  
4
  
Block
d block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
  
Fm_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
  
Found in Minerals
  
History
  
  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
  
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
29
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
  
8
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.
  
20
26.00 p.p.m.
  
12
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C
  
40
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C
  
99+
2,562.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Copper
  
Luster
Metallic
  
NA
  
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
  
34
3,810.00 m/s
  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Ag
  
Cu
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol
  
27
745.50 kJ/mol
  
22
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol
  
11
1,957.90 kJ/mol
  
15
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol
  
19
3,555.00 kJ/mol
  
15
4th Energy Level
Not Available
  
5,536.00 kJ/mol
  
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available
  
7,700.00 kJ/mol
  
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available
  
9,900.00 kJ/mol
  
10
7th Energy level
Not Available
  
13,400.00 kJ/mol
  
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available
  
16,000.00 kJ/mol
  
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available
  
19,200.00 kJ/mol
  
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available
  
22,400.00 kJ/mol
  
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available
  
25,600.00 kJ/mol
  
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available
  
35,600.00 kJ/mol
  
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available
  
38,700.00 kJ/mol
  
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available
  
42,000.00 kJ/mol
  
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available
  
46,700.00 kJ/mol
  
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available
  
50,200.00 kJ/mol
  
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available
  
53,700.00 kJ/mol
  
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available
  
61,100.00 kJ/mol
  
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available
  
64,702.00 kJ/mol
  
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available
  
163,700.00 kJ/mol
  
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available
  
174,100.00 kJ/mol
  
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
  
184,900.00 kJ/mol
  
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
  
198,800.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr
  
7
1.19 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol
  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)
  
99+
34.00 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm
3
  
35
8.96 g/cm
3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Diamagnetic
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
1.256629 * 10
-6 H/m
  
5
Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10
-6
  
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m
  
99+
16.78 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 10
6/cm Ω
  
1
0.60 10
6/cm Ω
  
2
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol
  
5
222.80 kJ/mol
  
1
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
  
25
0.38 J/(kg K)
  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K
  
99+
24.44 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K
  
1
401.00 W/m·K
  
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)
  
23
16.50 µm/(m·K)
  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol
  
37
283.70 kJ/mol
  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol
  
31
7.11 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol
  
37
338.90 kJ/mol
  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K
  
35
33.20 J/mol.K
  
99+