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Silver vs Copper

Silver
Copper
Copper vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag   
Cu   
Group Number
11   
7
11   
7
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Copper   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47   
99+
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
47   
99+
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
0.00   
5
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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