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Silver vs Aluminium

Silver
Aluminium
Aluminium vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag   
Al   
Group Number
11   
7
13   
5
Period Number
5   
3   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7429905   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Hans Christian Oersted   
Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In 1825   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
5 * 10-3 %   
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.006 %   
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
0.91 %   
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
8.10 %   
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
6
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
660.37 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
2,467.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
2.75   
13
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
160.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
160.00 MPa   
35
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
5,000.00 m/s   
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
71.00 %   
10
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag   
Al   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
11   
27
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
1.61   
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
1.71   
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
1.83   
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
1.61   
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
2.39   
32
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
7th Energy level
Not Available   
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
4.28 eV   
19
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47   
99+
13   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47   
99+
13   
99+
Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
14   
99+
Number of Electrons
47   
99+
13   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
143.00 pm   
37
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
121.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
184.00 pm   
34
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
26.98 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Magnesium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Potassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
80.70 (-eV)   
17
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
404.95 pm   
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
40.00 MPa   
19
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
26.00 GPa   
29
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
76.00 GPa   
18
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
70.00 GPa   
28
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.35   
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
2.72   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4
Susceptibility
0.00   
5
0.00   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
237.00 W/m·K   
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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