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Silver vs Gold

Silver
Gold
Gold vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag   
Au   
Group Number
11   
7
11   
7
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gold   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
2.54   
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47   
99+
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47   
99+
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
118   
23
Number of Electrons
47   
99+
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Susceptibility
0.00   
5
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
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