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Silver vs Gold

Silver
Gold
Gold vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
Au  
Group Number
11  
7
11  
7
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
-  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ag  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
47  
99+
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
118  
24
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
32
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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