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Silver vs Gold

Silver
Gold
Gold vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
Au  
Group Number
11  
7
11  
7
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %  
26
6 * 10-8 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %  
26
~0.0000001 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
20
0.02 p.p.m.  
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
2,807.00 °C  
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
14
2.50  
14
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
37
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
30
216.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
34
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
9
2.54  
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
11
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
18
1.42  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
15
1.87  
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
7
1.92  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
2.45 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
20
5.10 eV  
4
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47  
99+
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
118  
23
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
36
151.00 pm  
32
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
39
144.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
38
166.00 pm  
39
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
20
407.82 pm  
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
1.61  
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
35
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
21
17.31 g/cm3  
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
120.00 MPa  
15
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
23
27.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
23
79.00 GPa  
24
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
26
19.32  
8
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Susceptibility
0.00  
5
Not Available  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
25.42 J/mol·K  
40
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
23
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
37
324.40 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
31
12.55 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
37
364.00 kJ/mol  
25
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
35
47.40 J/mol.K  
32
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