Symbol
Na
  
Yb
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
3
  
6
  
Block
s block
  
f block
  
Element Family
Alkali
  
Lanthanide
  
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
  
Fm_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
  
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
  
Discovery
In 1807
  
In 1878
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
  
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic
  
Highly Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
No
  
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
1
Not Available
  
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.
  
2
Not Available
  
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s
  
24
1,590.00 m/s
  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Na
  
Yb
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
  
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
603.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol
  
4
1,174.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol
  
6
2,417.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol
  
5
4,203.00 kJ/mol
  
31
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol
  
2
Not Available
  
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol
  
2
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr
  
99+
2.15 g/amp-hr
  
25
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1
  
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol
  
10
24.79 cm3/mol
  
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)
  
99+
50.30 (-eV)
  
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm
3
  
99+
6.90 g/cm
3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3
  
99+
6.21 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 10
6/cm Ω
  
9
0.04 10
6/cm Ω
  
38
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol
  
19
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)
  
3
0.15 J/(kg K)
  
36
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K
  
10
26.74 J/mol·K
  
25
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K
  
11
38.50 W/m·K
  
35
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)
  
4
26.30 µm/(m·K)
  
14
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol
  
99+
128.90 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol
  
99+
7.66 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
180.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K
  
28
59.90 J/mol.K
  
21