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Strontium vs Cadmium

Strontium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Strontium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr   
Cd   
Group Number
2   
16
12   
6
Period Number
5   
5   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440246   
99+
7440439   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank   
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer   
Discovery
In 1787   
In 1817   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %   
14
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %   
15
~0.0000006 %   
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %   
10
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
4
0.00 %   
28
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
7
0.00 %   
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3   
19
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
24
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.   
7
1.80 p.p.m.   
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
769.00 °C   
99+
320.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C   
99+
765.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
2.00   
16
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
203.00 MPa   
39
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,310.00 m/s   
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sr   
Cd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95   
99+
1.69   
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72   
27
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99   
37
1.46   
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00   
18
1.53   
13
Allen Electronegativity
0.96   
40
1.52   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05   
7
2.31   
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol   
99+
867.80 kJ/mol   
11
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol   
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol   
32
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol   
10
3,616.00 kJ/mol   
13
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr   
27
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV   
99+
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
38   
99+
48   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
38   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Neutrons
50   
99+
64   
99+
Number of Electrons
38   
99+
48   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm   
5
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm   
15
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm   
7
158.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu   
99+
112.41 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol   
6
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rubidium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Yttrium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)   
99+
30.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm   
6
297.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.89   
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3   
99+
8.65 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
8.00 g/cm3   
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
62.00 MPa   
16
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)   
1
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa   
99+
19.00 GPa   
35
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
42.00 GPa   
29
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa   
99+
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.30   
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.64   
99+
8.65   
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m   
24
72.70 nΩ·m   
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
26
0.14 106/cm Ω   
15
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol   
38
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
0.23 J/(kg K)   
26
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
26.02 J/mol·K   
32
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K   
37
96.60 W/m·K   
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)   
18
30.80 µm/(m·K)   
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
100.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol   
38
6.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol   
99+
113.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K   
26
51.80 J/mol.K   
27
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