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Strontium vs Polonium

Strontium
Polonium
Polonium vs Strontium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr   
Po   
Group Number
2   
16
16   
2
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440246   
99+
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
In 1787   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %   
14
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %   
15
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
15
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %   
10
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
4
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
7
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3   
19
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.   
7
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
769.00 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sr   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95   
99+
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72   
27
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99   
37
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00   
18
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
0.96   
40
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05   
7
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol   
99+
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV   
99+
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
38   
99+
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
38   
99+
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
50   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
38   
99+
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm   
5
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm   
15
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm   
7
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol   
6
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rubidium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Yttrium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm   
6
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3   
99+
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)   
1
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.64   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m   
24
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
26
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol   
38
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K   
37
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)   
18
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol   
38
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol   
99+
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K   
26
Not Available   
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