Strontium vs Thorium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr
Th
Group Number
2
16
0
18
Period Number
5
7
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Actinide
CAS Number
7440246
99+
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
In 1787
In 1829
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %
14
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %
15
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
15
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %
10
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
4
0.00 %
15
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
7
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
- By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
- compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3
19
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
33
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.
7
0.02 p.p.m.
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
769.00 °C
99+
1,750.00 °C
17
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C
99+
4,790.00 °C
8
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
390.00 MPa
29
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
295.00 MPa
29
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,490.00 m/s
36
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sr
Th
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
28
11
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95
99+
1.30
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72
27
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99
37
1.11
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00
18
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.96
40
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05
7
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol
99+
587.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol
10
1,978.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol
13
2,780.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol
19
Not Available
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol
19
Not Available
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol
19
Not Available
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr
24
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV
99+
3.41 eV
32
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
38
99+
90
28
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
38
99+
90
28
Number of Neutrons
50
99+
142
15
Number of Electrons
38
99+
90
28
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm
5
179.80 pm
15
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm
15
206.00 pm
7
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm
7
237.00 pm
15
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu
99+
232.04 amu
23
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol
6
19.90 cm3/mol
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)
99+
59.30 (-eV)
23
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm
6
508.42 pm
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3
99+
11.72 g/cm3
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)
1
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
22
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa
99+
31.00 GPa
21
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
54.00 GPa
22
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa
99+
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.27
20
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.64
99+
11.70
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Superconductor
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m
24
157.00 nΩ·m
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω
26
0.07 106/cm Ω
31
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol
38
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
28
26.23 J/mol·K
30
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K
37
54.00 W/m·K
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)
18
11.00 µm/(m·K)
36
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol
38
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol
99+
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K
26
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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