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Strontium vs Thorium

Strontium
Thorium
Thorium vs Strontium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr  
Th  
Group Number
2  
16
0  
18
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440246  
99+
7440326  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank  
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
Discovery
In 1787  
In 1829  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %  
14
3 * 10-4 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %  
15
~0.0004 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
15
0.05 %  
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %  
10
0.66 %  
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
4
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
7
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3  
19
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.  
7
0.02 p.p.m.  
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
769.00 °C  
99+
1,750.00 °C  
17
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C  
99+
4,790.00 °C  
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
18
3.00  
12
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
390.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
295.00 MPa  
29
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
2,490.00 m/s  
36
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sr  
Th  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
28  
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95  
99+
1.30  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72  
27
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99  
37
1.11  
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00  
18
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
0.96  
40
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05  
7
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol  
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol  
10
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol  
13
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol  
18
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol  
18
Not Available  
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol  
19
Not Available  
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol  
19
Not Available  
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
17
Not Available  
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
Not Available  
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol  
6
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr  
24
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV  
99+
3.41 eV  
32
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
38  
99+
90  
28
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2  
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
38  
99+
90  
28
Number of Neutrons
50  
99+
142  
15
Number of Electrons
38  
99+
90  
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
5
179.80 pm  
15
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm  
15
206.00 pm  
7
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm  
7
237.00 pm  
15
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu  
99+
232.04 amu  
23
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol  
6
19.90 cm3/mol  
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rubidium
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Yttrium
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)  
99+
59.30 (-eV)  
23
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm  
6
508.42 pm  
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3  
99+
11.72 g/cm3  
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)  
1
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa  
99+
31.00 GPa  
21
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
54.00 GPa  
22
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa  
99+
79.00 GPa  
24
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.27  
20
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.64  
99+
11.70  
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m  
24
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
26
0.07 106/cm Ω  
31
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol  
38
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
28
26.23 J/mol·K  
30
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K  
37
54.00 W/m·K  
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)  
18
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol  
38
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol  
99+
468.60 kJ/mol  
15
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K  
26
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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