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Tantalum vs Gadolinium

Tantalum
Gadolinium
Gadolinium vs Tantalum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ta  
Gd  
Group Number
5  
13
0  
18
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440257  
99+
7440542  
33
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg  
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac  
Discovery
In 1802  
In 1880  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
32
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
37
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.03 p.p.m.  
33
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,996.00 °C  
4
1,311.00 °C  
35
Boiling Point
5,425.00 °C  
4
3,233.00 °C  
26
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray Blue  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
4.50  
10
Brinell Hardness
440.00 MPa  
33
700.00 MPa  
17
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa  
19
510.00 MPa  
34
Speed of Sound
3,400.00 m/s  
33
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
1.97  
16
Reflectivity
78.00 %  
8
59.00 %  
24
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ta  
Gd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50  
28
1.20  
40
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
1.20  
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.33  
23
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.50  
26
1.20  
39
Allen Electronegativity
1.34  
38
1.20  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
2.80  
15
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
18
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
9
4,250.00 kJ/mol  
40
5th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
36
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
26
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
99+
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
17
13th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
22
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
36
15th Energy Level
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
37
17th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
35
594.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
32
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
26
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
20
593.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
593.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
15
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
21
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
22
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.35 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.96 g/amp-hr  
36
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV  
28
3.10 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
73  
99+
64  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2  
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
73  
99+
64  
99+
Number of Neutrons
108  
29
93  
38
Number of Electrons
73  
99+
64  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm  
37
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm  
27
196.00 pm  
14
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
237.00 pm  
19
Atomic Weight
180.95 amu  
38
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.90 cm3/mol  
99+
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Hafnium
  
Europium
  
Next Element
Tungsten
  
Terbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
110.00 (-eV)  
7
46.10 (-eV)  
35
Lattice Constant
330.13 pm  
99+
363.60 pm  
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.41  
99+
1.59  
29
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
16.69 g/cm3  
18
7.90 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.00 g/cm3  
23
7.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
180.00 MPa  
20
158.00 MPa  
23
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
7.39 (Pa)  
9
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
69.00 GPa  
13
21.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
200.00 GPa  
8
37.90 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
186.00 GPa  
14
54.80 GPa  
38
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.26  
23
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
16.65  
20
7.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
27
0.00  
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
131.00 nΩ·m  
25
1.31 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
32
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
31.00 kJ/mol  
35
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
37.03 J/mol·K  
3
Thermal Conductivity
57.50 W/m·K  
27
10.60 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,290.00 K  
4
1,585.00 K  
38
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
9.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
753.10 kJ/mol  
2
359.40 kJ/mol  
30
Enthalpy of Fusion
31.40 kJ/mol  
3
10.05 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
782.00 kJ/mol  
3
352.00 kJ/mol  
36
Standard Molar Entropy
41.50 J/mol.K  
99+
68.10 J/mol.K  
16
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