Home
 Compare Metals

Gadolinium vs Scandium

Gadolinium
Scandium
Scandium vs Gadolinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Gd  
Sc  
Group Number
0  
18
3  
15
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440542  
33
7440202  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac  
Lars Fredrik Nilson  
Discovery
In 1880  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
39
Physical
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C  
35
1,539.00 °C  
24
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C  
26
2,832.00 °C  
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.50  
10
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
750.00 MPa  
13
Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa  
34
1,200.00 MPa  
13
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.97  
16
1.80  
21
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
93.00 %  
3
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Gd  
Sc  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
1.36  
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.20  
32
1.02  
40
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
1.36  
31
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
1.19  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80  
15
2.64  
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,090.60 kJ/mol  
13
5th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,843.00 kJ/mol  
7
6th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,679.00 kJ/mol  
13
7th Energy level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,310.00 kJ/mol  
8
8th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,250.00 kJ/mol  
11
9th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,370.00 kJ/mol  
14
10th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,726.00 kJ/mol  
13
11th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24,102.00 kJ/mol  
16
12th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
17
66,320.00 kJ/mol  
7
13th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,010.00 kJ/mol  
2
14th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
36
80,160.00 kJ/mol  
3
15th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,490.00 kJ/mol  
6
16th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
37
97,400.00 kJ/mol  
5
17th Energy Level
594.10 kJ/mol  
99+
105,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
18th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
117,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
19th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
124,270.00 kJ/mol  
8
20th Energy Level
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
593.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
35
23rd Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
37
25th Energy Level
593.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
39
26th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
38
27th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
40
28th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr  
36
0.56 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV  
99+
3.50 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
64  
99+
21  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2  
[Ar] 3d1 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
64  
99+
21  
99+
Number of Neutrons
93  
38
24  
99+
Number of Electrons
64  
99+
21  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
162.00 pm  
28
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm  
14
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm  
19
211.00 pm  
32
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
44.96 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Europium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Terbium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)  
35
58.00 (-eV)  
25
Lattice Constant
363.60 pm  
35
330.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
29
1.59  
24
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3  
99+
2.99 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3  
99+
2.80 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
158.00 MPa  
23
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
32
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)  
9
91.30 (Pa)  
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa  
99+
29.10 GPa  
28
Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa  
99+
56.60 GPa  
22
Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa  
38
74.40 GPa  
28
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
23
0.28  
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.90  
99+
2.99  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
4
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m  
99+
562.00 nΩ·m  
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
18.10 kJ/mol  
39
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
0.60 J/(kg K)  
8
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K  
3
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K  
99+
15.80 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,585.00 K  
38
1,814.00 K  
28
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
10.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol  
30
314.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol  
99+
14.10 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol  
36
343.00 kJ/mol  
38
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K  
16
34.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Lanthanide Series

Lanthanide Series

Lanthanide Series

» More Lanthanide Series

Compare Lanthanide Series

» More Compare Lanthanide Series
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!