Home

Transition Metals + -

Actinide Metals + -

Lanthanide Metals + -

Post-Transition Metals + -

Alkaline Earth Metals + -

Compare Metals

Gadolinium vs Scandium

Gadolinium
Scandium
Scandium vs Gadolinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Gd   
Sc   
Group Number
0   
18
3   
15
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440542   
33
7440202   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Discovery
In 1880   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
3 * 10-6 %   
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
30
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C   
35
1,539.00 °C   
24
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C   
25
2,832.00 °C   
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
750.00 MPa   
12
Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa   
22
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Gd   
Sc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
1.36   
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.02   
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.19   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80   
15
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
3.50 eV   
31
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
64   
99+
21   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
64   
99+
21   
99+
Number of Neutrons
93   
37
24   
99+
Number of Electrons
64   
99+
21   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
162.00 pm   
26
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm   
14
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
211.00 pm   
25
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
44.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Europium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Terbium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)   
34
58.00 (-eV)   
24
Lattice Constant
363.60 pm   
32
330.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
9
1.59   
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3   
99+
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3   
31
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
30
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)   
9
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa   
33
29.10 GPa   
24
Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa   
34
56.60 GPa   
21
Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa   
35
74.40 GPa   
26
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
23
0.28   
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.90   
40
2.99   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m   
99+
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K   
2
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K   
99+
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol   
21
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol   
36
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol   
27
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K   
16
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Lanthanide Series

Lanthanide Metals

Lanthanide Metals

» More Lanthanide Metals

Compare Lanthanide Series

» More Compare Lanthanide Series
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!