Group Number
Not Available
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Interesting Facts
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Discovery
In 1879
In 1803
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
-
Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Moderately Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
7th Energy level
Not Available
8th Energy Level
Not Available
9th Energy Level
Not Available
10th Energy Level
Not Available
11th Energy Level
Not Available
12th Energy Level
Not Available
13th Energy Level
Not Available
14th Energy Level
Not Available
15th Energy Level
Not Available
16th Energy Level
Not Available
17th Energy Level
Not Available
18th Energy Level
Not Available
19th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available