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Tantalum vs Thorium

Tantalum
Thorium
Thorium vs Tantalum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ta   
Th   
Group Number
5   
13
0   
18
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440257   
99+
7440326   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg   
Jöns Jakob Berzelius   
Discovery
In 1802   
In 1829   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-9 %   
31
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.05 %   
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
37
0.66 %   
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
31
0.00 %   
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
33
In Bone
0.03 p.p.m.   
28
0.02 p.p.m.   
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,996.00 °C   
4
1,750.00 °C   
17
Boiling Point
5,425.00 °C   
4
4,790.00 °C   
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray Blue   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
440.00 MPa   
28
390.00 MPa   
29
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa   
12
295.00 MPa   
29
Speed of Sound
3,400.00 m/s   
22
2,490.00 m/s   
36
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
78.00 %   
6
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ta   
Th   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
28   
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50   
27
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.33   
22
1.11   
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.34   
33
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50   
27
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol   
18
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,500.00 kJ/mol   
40
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.35 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
3.41 eV   
32
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
73   
99+
90   
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2   
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
73   
99+
90   
28
Number of Neutrons
108   
28
142   
15
Number of Electrons
73   
99+
90   
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm   
35
179.80 pm   
15
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm   
25
206.00 pm   
7
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
237.00 pm   
15
Atomic Weight
180.95 amu   
38
232.04 amu   
23
Atomic Volume
10.90 cm3/mol   
99+
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Hafnium
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Tungsten
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
110.00 (-eV)   
7
59.30 (-eV)   
23
Lattice Constant
330.13 pm   
99+
508.42 pm   
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
16.69 g/cm3   
18
11.72 g/cm3   
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.00 g/cm3   
9
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
31
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
69.00 GPa   
13
31.00 GPa   
21
Bulk Modulus
200.00 GPa   
8
54.00 GPa   
22
Young's Modulus
186.00 GPa   
13
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.27   
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
16.65   
11
11.70   
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
131.00 nΩ·m   
25
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
27
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
Electron Affinity
31.00 kJ/mol   
29
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
Thermal Conductivity
57.50 W/m·K   
27
54.00 W/m·K   
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
753.10 kJ/mol   
2
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
31.40 kJ/mol   
3
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
782.00 kJ/mol   
3
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
41.50 J/mol.K   
37
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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