Tantalum vs Thorium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ta
Th
Group Number
5
13
0
18
Period Number
6
7
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
CAS Number
7440257
99+
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
- Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
In 1802
In 1829
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-9 %
31
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
37
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
31
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
- Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
- compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
33
In Bone
0.03 p.p.m.
28
0.02 p.p.m.
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,996.00 °C
4
1,750.00 °C
17
Boiling Point
5,425.00 °C
4
4,790.00 °C
8
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray Blue
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
440.00 MPa
28
390.00 MPa
29
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa
12
295.00 MPa
29
Speed of Sound
3,400.00 m/s
22
2,490.00 m/s
36
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
78.00 %
6
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ta
Th
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
28
11
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50
27
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.33
22
1.11
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.34
33
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50
27
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol
18
587.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,500.00 kJ/mol
40
1,110.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
1,978.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
2,780.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.35 g/amp-hr
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr
24
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV
21
3.41 eV
32
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
73
99+
90
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
73
99+
90
28
Number of Neutrons
108
28
142
15
Number of Electrons
73
99+
90
28
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm
35
179.80 pm
15
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm
25
206.00 pm
7
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
237.00 pm
15
Atomic Weight
180.95 amu
38
232.04 amu
23
Atomic Volume
10.90 cm3/mol
99+
19.90 cm3/mol
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
110.00 (-eV)
7
59.30 (-eV)
23
Lattice Constant
330.13 pm
99+
508.42 pm
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
16.69 g/cm3
18
11.72 g/cm3
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.00 g/cm3
9
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
31
0.00 (Pa)
22
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
69.00 GPa
13
31.00 GPa
21
Bulk Modulus
200.00 GPa
8
54.00 GPa
22
Young's Modulus
186.00 GPa
13
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
0.27
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
16.65
11
11.70
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
131.00 nΩ·m
25
157.00 nΩ·m
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω
27
0.07 106/cm Ω
31
Electron Affinity
31.00 kJ/mol
29
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
37
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
26.23 J/mol·K
30
Thermal Conductivity
57.50 W/m·K
27
54.00 W/m·K
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)
36
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
753.10 kJ/mol
2
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
31.40 kJ/mol
3
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
782.00 kJ/mol
3
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
41.50 J/mol.K
37
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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