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Technetium vs Calcium

Technetium
Calcium
Calcium vs Technetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tc  
Ca  
Group Number
7  
11
2  
16
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440268  
99+
7440702  
21
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1937  
In 1808  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
1.10 %  
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
5.00 %  
3
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
5
Abundance In Humans
-  
1.40 %  
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3  
4
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
170,000.00 p.p.m.  
1
Physical
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C  
9
839.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C  
7
1,484.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Shiny Gray  
Gray  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
1.75  
18
Brinell Hardness
550.00 MPa  
27
170.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
170.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s  
1
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tc  
Ca  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
0.95  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.36  
21
1.04  
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.08  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.51  
31
1.03  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
3.00  
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
589.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol  
34
4,912.40 kJ/mol  
7
4th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
14
6,491.00 kJ/mol  
15
5th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
28
8,153.00 kJ/mol  
11
6th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,496.00 kJ/mol  
14
7th Energy level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,270.00 kJ/mol  
12
8th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,206.00 kJ/mol  
15
9th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
18,191.00 kJ/mol  
12
10th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
39
20,385.00 kJ/mol  
16
11th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
37
57,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
12th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
63,410.00 kJ/mol  
9
13th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
33
70,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
14th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
23
78,890.00 kJ/mol  
4
15th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
29
86,310.00 kJ/mol  
11
16th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
24
94,000.00 kJ/mol  
6
17th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
99+
104,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
18th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
111,711.00 kJ/mol  
8
19th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
28
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
2.87 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
43  
99+
20  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2  
[Ar] 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
43  
99+
20  
99+
Number of Neutrons
55  
99+
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
43  
99+
20  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
197.00 pm  
8
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm  
39
176.00 pm  
24
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
231.00 pm  
23
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu  
99+
40.08 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol  
99+
29.90 cm3/mol  
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Molybdenum
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Ruthenium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)  
3
29.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm  
99+
558.84 pm  
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
21
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm3  
36
1.55 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.00 g/cm3  
34
1.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
20.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
6
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
25.50 (Pa)  
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
7.40 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
17.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
20.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.50  
37
4.58  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m  
18
33.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
35
0.30 106/cm Ω  
6
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol  
23
2.37 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)  
30
0.63 J/(kg K)  
7
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
25.93 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K  
30
201.00 W/m·K  
5
Critical Temperature
2,150.00 K  
16
1,115.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol  
7
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol  
9
8.54 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol  
9
184.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K  
2
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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