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Technetium vs Cerium

Technetium
Cerium
Cerium vs Technetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tc   
Ce   
Group Number
7   
11
Not Available   
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440268   
99+
7440451   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero   
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   
Discovery
In 1937   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
33
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Moderately Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
2.70 p.p.m.   
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C   
9
795.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C   
7
3,257.00 °C   
23
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Shiny Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
186.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
210.00 MPa   
32
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s   
1
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tc   
Ce   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18   
21
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
1.12   
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.36   
20
1.08   
31
Allen Electronegativity
1.51   
28
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
2.88   
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol   
36
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol   
33
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.84 eV   
39
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
43   
99+
58   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2   
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
43   
99+
58   
99+
Number of Neutrons
55   
99+
82   
99+
Number of Electrons
43   
99+
58   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
181.80 pm   
12
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm   
37
204.00 pm   
8
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
235.00 pm   
17
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu   
99+
140.12 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol   
99+
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Molybdenum
  
Lanthanum
  
Next Element
Ruthenium
  
Praseodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)   
3
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm   
99+
362.00 pm   
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60   
5
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm3   
34
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.55 g/cm3   
38
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
1.04 (Pa)   
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
13.50 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
21.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
33.60 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.24   
27
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.50   
24
6.77   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m   
18
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
30
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol   
18
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)   
29
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K   
30
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol   
6
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol   
9
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol   
8
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K   
2
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
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