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Technetium vs Cerium

Technetium
Cerium
Cerium vs Technetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tc  
Ce  
Group Number
7  
11
3  
15
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440268  
99+
7440451  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero  
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger  
Discovery
In 1937  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
33
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
30
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
2.70 p.p.m.  
14
Physical
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C  
9
795.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C  
7
3,257.00 °C  
24
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Shiny Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
550.00 MPa  
27
186.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
210.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s  
1
2,100.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
2.20  
9
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tc  
Ce  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
30  
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.12  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.12  
37
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.36  
21
1.08  
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.12  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.51  
31
1.12  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.88  
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol  
34
1,949.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
14
3,547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
28
6,325.00 kJ/mol  
37
6th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,490.00 kJ/mol  
38
7th Energy level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
29
53,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
24
53,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
99+
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
534.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,346.00 kJ/mol  
24
22nd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,346.00 kJ/mol  
26
24th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
28
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.74 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
2.84 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
43  
99+
58  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2  
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
43  
99+
58  
99+
Number of Neutrons
55  
99+
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
43  
99+
58  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
181.80 pm  
14
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm  
39
204.00 pm  
8
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
235.00 pm  
21
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu  
99+
140.12 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol  
99+
20.67 cm3/mol  
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Molybdenum
  
Lanthanum
  
Next Element
Ruthenium
  
Praseodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)  
3
41.78 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm  
99+
362.00 pm  
38
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
21
1.59  
31
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm3  
36
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.00 g/cm3  
34
6.55 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
270.00 MPa  
17
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
36
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
1.04 (Pa)  
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
13.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
21.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
33.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.24  
27
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.50  
37
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m  
18
828.00 nΩ·m  
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
35
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol  
23
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)  
30
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
26.94 J/mol·K  
30
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K  
30
11.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,150.00 K  
16
1,071.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol  
7
414.00 kJ/mol  
22
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol  
9
5.46 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol  
9
381.00 kJ/mol  
31
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K  
2
72.00 J/mol.K  
12
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