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Technetium vs Palladium

Technetium
Palladium
Palladium vs Technetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tc  
Pd  
Group Number
7  
11
10  
8
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440268  
99+
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1937  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C  
9
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C  
7
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Shiny Gray  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
550.00 MPa  
27
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s  
1
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tc  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.36  
21
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.51  
31
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol  
34
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
14
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
28
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
37
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
23
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
29
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
24
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
28
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
43  
99+
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
43  
99+
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
55  
99+
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
43  
99+
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm  
39
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu  
99+
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol  
99+
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Molybdenum
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Ruthenium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)  
3
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm  
99+
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
21
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm3  
36
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.00 g/cm3  
34
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.50  
37
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m  
18
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
35
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol  
23
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)  
30
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K  
30
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
2,150.00 K  
16
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol  
7
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol  
9
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol  
9
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K  
2
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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