Symbol
Tb
  
Pb
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
6
  
6
  
Block
f block
  
p block
  
Element Family
Lanthanide
  
Post-Transition
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
Fm_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
  
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
  
Unknown
  
Discovery
In 1842
  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
  
29
~0.000001 %
  
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
-
Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
  
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic
  
Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
Yes
  
In Blood
Not Available
  
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
  
11
In Bone
Not Available
  
30.00 p.p.m.
  
10
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C
  
33
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C
  
29
1,740.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Gray
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s
  
35
1,190.00 m/s
  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Tb
  
Pb
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
  
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol
  
31
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol
  
23
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
  
31
4,083.00 kJ/mol
  
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available
  
6,640.00 kJ/mol
  
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr
  
31
3.87 g/amp-hr
  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol
  
22
18.17 cm3/mol
  
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)
  
33
24.20 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3
  
99+
11.34 g/cm3
  
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3
  
15
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Diamagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Poor Conductor
  
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m
  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω
  
36
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
35.10 kJ/mol
  
28
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
  
33
0.13 J/(kg K)
  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K
  
9
26.65 J/mol·K
  
26
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K
  
99+
35.30 W/m·K
  
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)
  
38
28.90 µm/(m·K)
  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol
  
26
179.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol
  
34
4.77 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
  
33
194.60 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K
  
10
64.80 J/mol.K
  
17