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Terbium vs Gallium

Terbium
Gallium
Gallium vs Terbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tb  
Ga  
Group Number
Not Available  
13  
5
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440279  
99+
7440553  
32
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Cmca  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
64.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
  • Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
  
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Discovery
In 1842  
In 1875  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %  
27
1 * 10-6 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %  
29
~0.000004 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
  • Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
  
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
Not Available  
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C  
33
29.78 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C  
29
2,403.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
1.50  
18
Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa  
17
56.80 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa  
13
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s  
35
2,740.00 m/s  
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tb  
Ga  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
24  
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.81  
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
2.42  
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10  
30
1.82  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
2.01  
5
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.76  
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available  
2.19  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol  
13
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,963.00 kJ/mol  
28
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol  
31
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr  
31
0.87 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.00 eV  
36
4.20 eV  
23
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
65  
99+
31  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100  
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
65  
99+
31  
99+
Number of Neutrons
94  
36
39  
99+
Number of Electrons
65  
99+
31  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
177.00 pm  
17
135.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
194.00 pm  
16
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
22
187.00 pm  
32
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu  
99+
69.72 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol  
22
11.80 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gadolinium
  
Zinc
  
Next Element
Dysprosium
  
Rubidium
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)  
33
69.70 (-eV)  
19
Lattice Constant
360.10 pm  
36
451.97 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
13
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3  
99+
5.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3  
30
6.10 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa  
17
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
15
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)  
8
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa  
32
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa  
33
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa  
34
9.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
21
0.47  
1
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.23  
39
5.91  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m  
99+
270.00 nΩ·m  
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω  
29
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
28.90 kJ/mol  
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
33
0.37 J/(kg K)  
16
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K  
9
25.86 J/mol·K  
35
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K  
99+
40.60 W/m·K  
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)  
38
18.00 µm/(m·K)  
24
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol  
26
256.10 kJ/mol  
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol  
34
5.59 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol  
33
276.10 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
40.80 J/mol.K  
38
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