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Terbium vs Scandium


Scandium vs Terbium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Tb   
Sc   

Group Number
Not Available   
3   
15

Period Number
6   
4   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440279   
99+
7440202   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
  • Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   

Discovery
In 1842   
In 1879   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
3 * 10-6 %   
15

Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.000004 %   
16

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
18

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
40
0.00 %   
23

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
32

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
  • Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  

Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22

In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
34

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,356.00 °C   
33
1,539.00 °C   
24

Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C   
29
2,832.00 °C   
35

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   

Hardness
  
  

Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa   
17
750.00 MPa   
12

Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa   
13
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s   
35
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Tb   
Sc   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
26   
13
13   
26

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.36   
29

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.02   
21

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10   
30
1.20   
27

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.19   
36

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.64   
25

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7

7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6

18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7

19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr   
31
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
3.00 eV   
36
3.50 eV   
31

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
65   
99+
21   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
65   
99+
21   
99+

Number of Neutrons
94   
36
24   
99+

Number of Electrons
65   
99+
21   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
177.00 pm   
17
162.00 pm   
26

Covalent Radius
194.00 pm   
16
170.00 pm   
25

Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm   
22
211.00 pm   
25

Atomic Weight
158.93 amu   
99+
44.96 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol   
22
15.00 cm3/mol   
34

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Gadolinium
  
Calcium
  

Next Element
Dysprosium
  
Titanium
  

Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)   
33
58.00 (-eV)   
24

Lattice Constant
360.10 pm   
36
330.90 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
13
1.59   
7

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3   
99+
2.99 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3   
30
2.80 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa   
17
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
29
0.00 (Pa)   
22

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)   
8
91.30 (Pa)   
3

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa   
32
29.10 GPa   
24

Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa   
33
56.60 GPa   
21

Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa   
34
74.40 GPa   
26

Poisson Ratio
0.26   
21
0.28   
18

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
8.23   
39
2.99   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m   
99+
562.00 nΩ·m   
10

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
18.10 kJ/mol   
33

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8

Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K   
9
25.52 J/mol·K   
37

Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K   
99+
15.80 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)   
38
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol   
26
314.20 kJ/mol   
28

Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol   
34
14.10 kJ/mol   
25

Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol   
33
343.00 kJ/mol   
28

Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K   
10
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+

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