Terbium Scandium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tb
Sc
Group Number
Not Available
3
15
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440279
99+
7440202
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Discovery
In 1842
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
3 * 10-6 %
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
- Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C
33
1,539.00 °C
24
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C
29
2,832.00 °C
35
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa
17
750.00 MPa
12
Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa
13
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s
35
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tb
Sc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
13
26
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.36
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.02
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
1.20
27
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.19
36
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.64
25
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr
31
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.00 eV
36
3.50 eV
31
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
65
99+
21
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
65
99+
21
99+
Number of Neutrons
94
36
24
99+
Number of Electrons
65
99+
21
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
177.00 pm
17
162.00 pm
26
Covalent Radius
194.00 pm
16
170.00 pm
25
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
211.00 pm
25
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu
99+
44.96 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol
22
15.00 cm3/mol
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)
33
58.00 (-eV)
24
Lattice Constant
360.10 pm
36
330.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
13
1.59
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3
99+
2.99 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3
30
2.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa
17
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
29
0.00 (Pa)
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)
8
91.30 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa
32
29.10 GPa
24
Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa
33
56.60 GPa
21
Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa
34
74.40 GPa
26
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
0.28
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.23
39
2.99
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m
99+
562.00 nΩ·m
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
18.10 kJ/mol
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K
9
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K
99+
15.80 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)
38
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol
26
314.20 kJ/mol
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol
34
14.10 kJ/mol
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
33
343.00 kJ/mol
28
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K
10
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
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