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Terbium vs Thallium

Terbium
Thallium
Thallium vs Terbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tb   
Tl   
Group Number
Not Available   
13   
5
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440279   
99+
7440280   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
  • Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
William Crookes   
Discovery
In 1842   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
5 * 10-9 %   
32
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
40
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
  • Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
34
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C   
33
303.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C   
29
1,457.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa   
17
26.50 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa   
13
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s   
35
818.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tb   
Tl   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.62   
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.25   
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10   
30
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.96   
6
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.79   
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.38   
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr   
31
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
Electron Work Function
3.00 eV   
36
3.84 eV   
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
65   
99+
81   
35
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
65   
99+
81   
35
Number of Neutrons
94   
36
123   
20
Number of Electrons
65   
99+
81   
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
177.00 pm   
17
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
194.00 pm   
16
145.00 pm   
39
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm   
22
196.00 pm   
30
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu   
99+
204.38 amu   
31
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol   
22
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gadolinium
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Dysprosium
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)   
33
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
360.10 pm   
36
345.66 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
13
1.60   
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3   
99+
11.85 g/cm3   
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3   
30
11.22 g/cm3   
13
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa   
17
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
29
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)   
8
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa   
32
2.80 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa   
33
43.00 GPa   
28
Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa   
34
8.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
21
0.45   
2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.23   
39
11.85   
22
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m   
99+
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K   
9
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K   
99+
46.10 W/m·K   
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)   
38
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol   
26
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol   
34
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol   
33
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K   
10
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
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