Terbium vs Thallium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tb
Tl
Group Number
Not Available
13
5
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440279
99+
7440280
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
William Crookes
Discovery
In 1842
In 1861
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
5 * 10-9 %
32
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
- Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
34
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C
33
303.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C
29
1,457.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.20
20
Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa
17
26.50 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa
13
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s
35
818.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tb
Tl
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.62
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.25
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.96
6
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.79
13
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.38
33
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
589.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol
14
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol
32
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr
31
7.63 g/amp-hr
2
Electron Work Function
3.00 eV
36
3.84 eV
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
65
99+
81
35
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
65
99+
81
35
Number of Neutrons
94
36
123
20
Number of Electrons
65
99+
81
35
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
177.00 pm
17
170.00 pm
22
Covalent Radius
194.00 pm
16
145.00 pm
39
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
196.00 pm
30
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu
99+
204.38 amu
31
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol
22
17.20 cm3/mol
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)
33
9.60 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
360.10 pm
36
345.66 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
13
1.60
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3
99+
11.85 g/cm3
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3
30
11.22 g/cm3
13
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa
17
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
29
16.90 (Pa)
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)
8
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa
32
2.80 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa
33
43.00 GPa
28
Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa
34
8.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
0.45
2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Sectile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.23
39
11.85
22
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m
99+
0.18 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.06 106/cm Ω
32
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
19.20 kJ/mol
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K
9
26.32 J/mol·K
29
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K
99+
46.10 W/m·K
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)
38
29.90 µm/(m·K)
12
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol
26
162.10 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol
34
4.27 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
33
179.90 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K
10
64.20 J/mol.K
19
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