Terbium Zirconium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tb
Zr
Group Number
Not Available
4
14
Period Number
6
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440279
99+
7440677
23
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Discovery
In 1842
In 1789
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
5 * 10-6 %
13
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
17
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
40
0.01 %
14
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
- Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
21
In Bone
Not Available
0.10 p.p.m.
23
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C
33
1,852.00 °C
15
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C
29
4,377.00 °C
11
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
5.00
8
Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa
17
638.00 MPa
19
Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa
13
820.00 MPa
15
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s
35
3,800.00 m/s
20
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tb
Zr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
24
15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.33
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.90
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
1.22
26
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.32
34
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.67
24
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
640.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,270.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,218.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
3,313.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,752.00 kJ/mol
10
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,500.00 kJ/mol
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr
31
0.85 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.00 eV
36
4.05 eV
26
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
65
99+
40
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
65
99+
40
99+
Number of Neutrons
94
36
51
99+
Number of Electrons
65
99+
40
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
177.00 pm
17
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
194.00 pm
16
175.00 pm
23
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu
99+
91.22 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol
22
14.10 cm3/mol
36
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)
33
80.00 (-eV)
18
Lattice Constant
360.10 pm
36
323.20 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
13
1.59
8
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3
99+
6.52 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3
30
5.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa
17
330.00 MPa
12
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
29
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)
8
0.00 (Pa)
21
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa
32
33.00 GPa
20
Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa
33
91.10 GPa
17
Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa
34
88.00 GPa
22
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.23
39
6.51
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m
99+
421.00 nΩ·m
11
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
41.10 kJ/mol
27
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.27 J/(kg K)
19
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K
9
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K
99+
22.60 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)
38
5.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol
26
581.60 kJ/mol
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol
34
20.90 kJ/mol
11
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
33
598.00 kJ/mol
10
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K
10
39.00 J/mol.K
39
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