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Zirconium vs Praseodymium

Zirconium
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Pr  
Group Number
4  
14
3  
15
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
-  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Grayish White  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
21
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
22
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
27
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
31
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.33  
32
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
39
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
34
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
40  
99+
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
25
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
12
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
18
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
24
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K  
17
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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