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Praseodymium vs Zirconium

Praseodymium
Zirconium
Zirconium vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
Zr  
Group Number
3  
15
4  
14
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7440677  
23
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Discovery
In 1885  
In 1789  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
1,852.00 °C  
15
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
4,377.00 °C  
11
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
638.00 MPa  
21
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
820.00 MPa  
22
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
3,800.00 m/s  
27
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
2.15  
10
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
Zr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
24  
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.33  
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
0.90  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.22  
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.33  
32
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.32  
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
2.67  
24
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
4.05 eV  
34
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
40  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
40  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
51  
99+
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
40  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
160.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
175.00 pm  
25
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
91.22 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Yttrium
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Niobium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
80.00 (-eV)  
18
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
323.20 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.59  
25
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
330.00 MPa  
14
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
12
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
21
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
33.00 GPa  
23
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
91.10 GPa  
18
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
88.00 GPa  
24
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
6.51  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
2,128.00 K  
17
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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