Symbol
Sn
  
Al
  
Period Number
5
  
3
  
Block
p block
  
p block
  
Element Family
Post-Transition
  
Post-Transition
  
Space Group Name
I41/amd
  
Fm_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown
  
Hans Christian Oersted
  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
  
In 1825
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
  
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
-
Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
Dentistry
  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Other Uses
NA
  
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
  
10
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
  
9
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
  
16
27.00 p.p.m.
  
11
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
  
99+
2,467.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery Gray
  
Luster
NA
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa
  
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
  
32
5,000.00 m/s
  
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
Yes
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Sn
  
Al
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
  
33
577.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol
  
19
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
  
30
2,744.80 kJ/mol
  
38
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
  
99+
11,577.00 kJ/mol
  
3
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
  
13
14,842.00 kJ/mol
  
2
6th Energy Level
Not Available
  
18,379.00 kJ/mol
  
2
7th Energy level
Not Available
  
23,326.00 kJ/mol
  
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available
  
27,465.00 kJ/mol
  
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available
  
31,853.00 kJ/mol
  
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available
  
38,473.00 kJ/mol
  
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available
  
42,647.00 kJ/mol
  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
  
99+
0.34 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
  
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
  
32
10.00 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
  
14
80.70 (-eV)
  
17
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
  
99+
2.70 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
  
28
28.20 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
  
23
0.38 106/cm Ω
  
4
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
  
8
42.50 kJ/mol
  
26
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
28
0.90 J/(kg K)
  
5
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
  
20
24.20 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
  
25
237.00 W/m·K
  
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
  
20
23.10 µm/(m·K)
  
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
  
32
293.70 kJ/mol
  
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
  
99+
10.67 kJ/mol
  
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
  
35
322.20 kJ/mol
  
31
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
  
29
28.30 J/mol.K
  
99+