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Aluminium vs Gallium

Aluminium
Gallium
Gallium vs Aluminium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Al  
Ga  
Group Number
13  
5
13  
5
Period Number
3  
4  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7429905  
99+
7440553  
32
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Cmca  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
64.00  
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted  
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Discovery
In 1825  
In 1875  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.01 %  
6
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.01 %  
5
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %  
5
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %  
1
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
6
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3  
9
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
13
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.  
11
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
660.37 °C  
99+
29.78 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C  
99+
2,403.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.75  
14
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa  
99+
56.80 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa  
99+
111.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s  
14
2,740.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.61  
31
1.81  
20
Reflectivity
71.00 %  
12
36.00 %  
33
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Al  
Ga  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
11  
27
24  
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61  
23
1.81  
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71  
16
2.42  
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47  
15
1.82  
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83  
16
2.01  
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.61  
23
1.76  
17
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39  
32
2.19  
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol  
20
1,979.30 kJ/mol  
13
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol  
39
2,963.00 kJ/mol  
28
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol  
3
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
16
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol  
4
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol  
5
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
13th Energy Level
5,770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
57,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,775.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
577.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
577.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.87 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV  
26
4.20 eV  
30
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
13  
99+
31  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100  
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
13  
99+
31  
99+
Number of Neutrons
14  
99+
39  
99+
Number of Electrons
13  
99+
31  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm  
39
135.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm  
99+
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm  
99+
187.00 pm  
39
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu  
99+
69.72 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol  
99+
11.80 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Magnesium
  
Zinc
  
Next Element
Potassium
  
Rubidium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)  
17
69.70 (-eV)  
19
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm  
25
451.97 pm  
20
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.30  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3  
99+
5.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
6.10 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
41.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
15
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa  
36
7.20 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa  
19
37.30 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa  
30
9.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.47  
1
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.72  
99+
5.91  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
7
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m  
99+
270.00 nΩ·m  
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω  
4
0.07 106/cm Ω  
34
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol  
31
28.90 kJ/mol  
37
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)  
5
0.37 J/(kg K)  
16
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K  
99+
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K  
4
40.60 W/m·K  
34
Critical Temperature
933.00 K  
99+
302.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)  
18
18.00 µm/(m·K)  
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol  
99+
256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol  
99+
5.59 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol  
99+
276.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K  
99+
40.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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