Aluminium Gallium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Al
Ga
Group Number
13
5
13
5
Period Number
3
4
Block
p block
p block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7429905
99+
7440553
32
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Cmca
Space Group Number
225.00
2
64.00
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1825
In 1875
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %
5
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %
5
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %
5
0.00 %
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %
1
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
6
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
10
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.
11
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C
99+
29.78 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C
99+
2,403.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.75
13
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa
99+
56.80 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa
35
Not Available
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s
10
2,740.00 m/s
31
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
71.00 %
10
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al
Ga
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
11
27
24
15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61
22
1.81
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71
13
2.42
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.82
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83
8
2.01
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.61
20
1.76
14
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39
32
2.19
39
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV
19
4.20 eV
23
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13
99+
31
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
13
99+
31
99+
Number of Neutrons
14
99+
39
99+
Number of Electrons
13
99+
31
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm
37
135.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm
99+
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm
34
187.00 pm
32
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu
99+
69.72 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)
17
69.70 (-eV)
19
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm
22
451.97 pm
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3
99+
5.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
6.10 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa
19
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
18
0.00 (Pa)
15
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa
29
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa
18
Not Available
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa
28
9.80 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35
9
0.47
1
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.72
99+
5.91
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
4
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
270.00 nΩ·m
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol
26
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
25.86 J/mol·K
35
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K
4
40.60 W/m·K
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol
31
256.10 kJ/mol
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol
35
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol
31
276.10 kJ/mol
39
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
40.80 J/mol.K
38
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