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Tin vs Bismuth

Tin
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn   
Bi   
Group Number
14   
4
15   
3
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
p block   
p block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440315   
99+
7440699   
22
Space Group Name
I41/amd   
C12/m1   
Space Group Number
141.00   
7
12.00   
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Claude François Geoffroy   
Discovery
Before 3500 BC   
In 1753   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.000006 %   
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
70.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50   
99+
83   
33
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50   
99+
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
126   
18
Number of Electrons
50   
99+
83   
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
207.00 pm   
26
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
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