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Tin vs Bismuth

Tin
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Bi  
Group Number
14  
4
15  
3
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
141.00  
7
12.00  
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %  
20
7 * 10-8 %  
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %  
19
~0.000006 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
13
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
NA  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
16
0.20 p.p.m.  
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
18
2.25  
15
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
32
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
8
2.02  
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
15
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
4
1.67  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
3
2.15  
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
11
2.01  
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
33
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
28
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr  
19
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
16
4.22 eV  
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50  
99+
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
126  
18
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
38
156.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
148.00 pm  
36
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
23
207.00 pm  
26
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
32
21.30 cm3/mol  
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
NA  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
9.78 g/cm3  
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
34
10.05 g/cm3  
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
17
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
36
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
20
31.00 GPa  
38
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
36
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
9.79  
30
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
Not Available  
0.00 H/m  
6
Susceptibility
Not Available  
0.00  
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
23
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
8
91.20 kJ/mol  
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
20
25.52 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
20
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
32
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
10.90 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
35
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
29
56.70 J/mol.K  
24
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