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Tin Bismuth Comparison

Tin
Bismuth
Bismuth Tin comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Bi  
Group Number
14  
4
15  
3
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
141.00  
10
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
51.00 %  
30
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
-  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
-  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
9
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
19
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
5
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
5
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
14
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
22
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
50  
99+
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
126  
19
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
40
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
29
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.68  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
15
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
18
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
21
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
505.00 K  
99+
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
Summary >>
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