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Tin vs Chromium

Tin
Chromium
Chromium vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn   
Cr   
Group Number
14   
4
6   
12
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440315   
99+
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
I41/amd   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
141.00   
7
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
Before 3500 BC   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
34
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
1.56   
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50   
99+
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
50   
99+
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
NA   
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
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