Tin vs Chromium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
Cr
Group Number
14
4
6
12
Period Number
5
4
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7440473
39
Space Group Name
I41/amd
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
141.00
7
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
In Between 1797 - 1798
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
1.5 * 10-3 %
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.002 %
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
0.30 %
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3
12
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
0.33 p.p.m.
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
1,857.00 °C
14
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
2,672.00 °C
39
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
8.50
1
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
687.00 MPa
16
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,060.00 MPa
10
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
5,940.00 m/s
5
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
Cr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
21
18
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
1.66
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
1.66
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
1.56
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
1.65
19
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
2.34
36
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
26,130.00 kJ/mol
1
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol
1
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
34,230.00 kJ/mol
1
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol
1
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
97,510.00 kJ/mol
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available
105,800.00 kJ/mol
1
7th Energy level
Not Available
114,300.00 kJ/mol
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available
125,300.00 kJ/mol
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available
134,700.00 kJ/mol
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available
144,300.00 kJ/mol
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available
26,130.00 kJ/mol
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available
28,750.00 kJ/mol
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available
34,230.00 kJ/mol
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available
37,066.00 kJ/mol
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available
97,510.00 kJ/mol
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available
105,800.00 kJ/mol
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available
114,300.00 kJ/mol
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available
125,300.00 kJ/mol
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available
134,700.00 kJ/mol
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available
144,300.00 kJ/mol
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available
157,700.00 kJ/mol
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
166,090.00 kJ/mol
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
4.50 eV
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
24
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
24
99+
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
28
99+
Number of Electrons
50
99+
24
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
52.00 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
7.23 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
170.00 (-eV)
4
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
291.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
7.19 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
6.30 g/cm3
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available
689.00 MPa
7
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
0.00 (Pa)
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
774.00 (Pa)
1
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
115.00 GPa
9
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
160.00 GPa
11
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
279.00 GPa
8
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
0.21
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
7.19
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Antiferromagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
NA
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
125.00 nΩ·m
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.08 106/cm Ω
25
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
64.30 kJ/mol
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
0.45 J/(kg K)
12
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
23.35 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
93.90 W/m·K
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
4.90 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
348.80 kJ/mol
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
15.31 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
397.50 kJ/mol
21
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
23.80 J/mol.K
99+
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