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Tin Chromium Comparison

Tin
Chromium
Chromium Tin comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Cr  
Group Number
14  
4
6  
12
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
141.00  
10
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
51.00 %  
30
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
-  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
-  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
9
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
19
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
5
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
5
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
14
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
22
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
50  
99+
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
40
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
29
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.68  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
15
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
18
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
21
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
-  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
505.00 K  
99+
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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