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Tin vs Gold

Tin
Gold
Gold vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Au  
Group Number
14  
4
11  
7
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
141.00  
10
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
-  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gold  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
51.00 %  
30
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
-  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
-  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
9
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
19
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
5
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
5
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
14
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
22
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
50  
99+
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
118  
24
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
40
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
29
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.68  
99+
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
15
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
18
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
21
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
505.00 K  
99+
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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