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Tin vs Gold

Tin
Gold
Gold vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn   
Au   
Group Number
14   
4
11   
7
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440315   
99+
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
I41/amd   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
141.00   
7
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gold   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
2.54   
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50   
99+
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50   
99+
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
118   
23
Number of Electrons
50   
99+
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
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