Gold vs Sodium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Au
Na
Group Number
11
7
1
17
Period Number
6
3
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkali
CAS Number
7440575
31
7440235
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Humphry Davy
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE
In 1807
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
2 * 10-3 %
6
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.004 %
6
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.55 %
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
2.30 %
5
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
21
1.10 %
1
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
18
0.14 %
3
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
1
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.
30
10,000.00 p.p.m.
2
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C
99+
97.72 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C
36
883.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gold
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
0.50
22
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa
99+
0.69 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa
31
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s
99+
3,200.00 m/s
24
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
95.00 %
2
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au
Na
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54
1
0.93
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.56
30
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.01
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87
7
0.91
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.92
5
0.87
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46
99+
3.07
6
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol
8
495.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
4,562.00 kJ/mol
4
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
6,910.30 kJ/mol
6
4th Energy Level
Not Available
9,543.00 kJ/mol
5
5th Energy Level
Not Available
13,354.00 kJ/mol
4
6th Energy Level
Not Available
16,613.00 kJ/mol
4
7th Energy level
Not Available
20,117.00 kJ/mol
4
8th Energy Level
Not Available
25,496.00 kJ/mol
4
9th Energy Level
Not Available
28,932.00 kJ/mol
4
10th Energy Level
Not Available
141,362.00 kJ/mol
2
11th Energy Level
Not Available
159,076.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
0.86 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV
4
2.75 eV
40
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79
37
11
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Ne] 3s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
79
37
11
99+
Number of Neutrons
118
23
12
99+
Number of Electrons
79
37
11
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
186.00 pm
9
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm
40
166.00 pm
27
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm
39
227.00 pm
21
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu
33
22.99 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
23.70 cm3/mol
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
99+
14.10 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm
21
429.06 pm
19
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3
15
0.97 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3
6
0.93 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
23
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)
4
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa
27
3.30 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
6.30 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa
24
10.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.40
4
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.32
8
0.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
47.70 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
0.21 106/cm Ω
9
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
1
52.80 kJ/mol
19
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
1.23 J/(kg K)
3
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K
40
28.23 J/mol·K
10
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K
3
142.00 W/m·K
11
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,573.00 K
2
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
71.00 µm/(m·K)
4
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol
27
89.04 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol
27
2.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol
25
108.40 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K
32
51.30 J/mol.K
28
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