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Sodium vs Copper

Sodium
Copper
Copper vs Sodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Na   
Cu   
Group Number
1   
17
11   
7
Period Number
3   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440235   
99+
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1807   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %   
6
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %   
6
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %   
6
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %   
5
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %   
1
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
0.14 %   
3
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
1
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.   
2
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
97.72 °C   
99+
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
883.00 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Copper   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.50   
22
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa   
99+
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s   
24
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Na   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17   
22
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.93   
99+
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.56   
30
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.01   
35
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.91   
21
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
0.87   
99+
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.07   
6
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol   
99+
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol   
4
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol   
6
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol   
5
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol   
4
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol   
4
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol   
4
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol   
4
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol   
4
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol   
2
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol   
2
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.75 eV   
40
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
11   
99+
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
11   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
11   
99+
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
166.00 pm   
27
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm   
21
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
22.99 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol   
10
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Beryllium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Magnesium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)   
99+
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
429.06 pm   
19
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3   
99+
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3   
99+
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa   
99+
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa   
99+
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa   
99+
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.97   
99+
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m   
99+
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω   
9
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol   
19
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)   
3
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K   
10
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K   
11
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K   
2
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)   
4
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol   
99+
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol   
99+
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol   
99+
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K   
28
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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